Machine for producing glass vessels from tubing



Dec. 7, 1937. DlcHTER 2,101,213

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING GLASS VESSELS FROM TUBING Filed Feb. 16, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 eld'ior: IKob D;ch'te-r J. DICHTER Dec.. 7, 1937.

macrmm FOR PRODUCING GLASS VESSELS FROM TUBING Filed Feb. 16, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,Bwenfior:

P atented Dec. 7, 1&3?

momma Foa raonncrnc crass VESSELS anon roams Jakob Dichter, Berlin, Germany Application February 16, 1933, Serial No. 657,084 In Germany May 2, I932 7 19 Claims. (oi. ia-r) This invention relates to machines for producing glass vessels from tubing, and more particu larly to machines in which a section of tubing is heated until-soft and is then blown to shape in a mold.

The shaping o the glass vessels from tubes can also be effected at the ends of said tubes, but the present invention 'is concerned with machines in which a length of tubing is gripped at 10 each end, the middle portion being heated until soft-and then being drawn out and blown to the required shape. When this process in its simple form is employed, great difiiculty is experienced in producing a uniform product as the thickness and diameter of the tubing always vary however carefully thetubing is selected, and any'faults of thisklnd are greatly exaggerated in the finished product.

It is an object, therefore, of the present invention to provide an improved-form of machine in which this difliculty is overcome. In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes in which tubes to be worked are held and rotated by oppositely disposed holding devices, and in whichthe shaping is eifected at a point between the holding devices, according to the present invention a mold is provided at said point, the constricted part of the glass being blown out until it contacts with the mold, which latter is dis-v posed between the holding devices. The machine according to the invention may be readily adapt- .ed for shaping, various kinds of glass vessels, ineluding ampoules for containing chemical and other preparations, such ampoules being provided with a constricted neck portion which is arranged to be readily and cleanly broken off for obtaining access 15017118 contents of the ampoule.

In order to more easily provide the constricted sections .in the mold, devices .are provided which positively press in or remove the shoulders because these mostly extend conically duringthe drawing. It is immaterial whether this removal or the shoulder is efiected before or after the stem is drawn.

,45 Fu ther a deviceis provided for introducing compressed air for blowing out the constriction in the mold or for providing the closed end with a. spherical base. In order .to be able to prepare this hemispherical base also as uniformly as possible, a hemispherical mold is used in which the soft closed end is blown out.

Arrangements have already been disclosed in which glass tubes are clamped at both ends in holding devices and in which the molding section 55 lies between the holding devices, but only auxiliary devices are involved and the requisite manipulations for the shaping are performed by the operator. Further, these arrangements have for their subject no method, nor have they as basis the carrying out of shapings with diame- 5 terssrnaller than the original tube.

The machine shown and herein described constitutes only an embodiment by way of example, and may equally well be horizontally arranged. It is also in no way limited to operation on long 10 glass tubes only but measured tube sections can also be operated upon.

One form of machine according to the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

in which:-

Figure l is a side elevation;

Figure 2 is a plan corresponding to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side elevation of the blowing device;

Figure 4 is a front elevation corresponding to 20 Figure 3;

Figure 5 is aside elevation showing the use of the mold in blowing the round base;

Figure 6 shows diagrammatically the sequence of operations for preparing ampoules with round 25 bases,

Figure '7 illustrates diagrammatically the processes employed in producing a screw-neck ves- Se], and

Figure 8 is an enlarged partial view of the con- 3 stricting device.

The machine shown is one having eight pairs of holding devices arranged in circular formationabout a vertical central axis, said holding devices being advanced step by step and pre- 35 sented to the individual working stages. Obviously the same working arrangement could be stationary withoutthe holding devices rotating about the central axis, the lower holding device in this case being merely raised and lowered by 40 the cam ring. D

In the drawings, the vertical central shaft 3 is secured in the bearing flange 2 on the base :plate I. The spaced discs 4, 4 are rigidly connected by cross-members 5, 5' so that they can be rotated about the shaft 3. The main shaft 6 derives its drive from the driving shaft, so that the feed disc I and locking disc 8 are rotated by the bevel gears 9, 9'. On each rotation of the shaft 6 and the discs I and 8, the disc l0 and the discs 5, 4 are moved through an angle of 45. The bearings It for the clamping chucks I! are secured to the disc t. The lower clamping chucks it are mounted in sliding bearings 25 by means of bolts 28 allel guide bars 94 secured to the discs l, 4'.

The clamping chucks i2, i3 derive their drive from the main shaft '6 by way of the gear wheels l5, l6, l7, l8, IS. The gear wheel i6 is displaceably arranged on the shaft 2d provided with a This interruption is eifected in that the lever 22 releases the connection of the claw coupling 2! by way of the lever 23 which is connected with a cam by means of a linkage, so that the shaft 20 stands still.

The lower chucks i3 slide: on the cam trackprovided with rollers at their ends, and the cam track is shaped in accordance with the drawing motion in that definite parts thereof fall or rise, or else are raised and lowered.

In Figure 1, position I, two constricting levers 26, 26' are between the chucks and execute a motion about the shaft 2'? towards the already softened glass tube 28 and remove this appropriately at the shoulders. fected by the cam 28 and levers 3d, 30'. The depth of constriction is controlled by the stop screws 3! and Bi;

K Obviously this arrangement may be of such configuration that the heated section is constricted over its entire breadth or else that, in addition to'the two shoulders, further constrictions contained in the mold are preformed.

This preforming operation may also occur after drawing the stem.

In position II, Figure 1, is arranged the mold 82.consisting of two mold jaws embracing the section to be shaped. This mold is arranged on the shaft 33 for vertical adjustment. The opening and closing of the mold jaws is eifected by way of the cams 34, the linkage 35, the bevel gear-s38, 36', the gear wheel 31 which moves the two toothed rods 88, 38', to which the mold jaws are secured, in opposite directions. The mold carrier as is displaceable in the slide 46.

horizontally with respect to the glass tube bythe gear wheel 42,'the linkage 44 and cam 45.

3 and 4 a lower carrying ring 66 to whichpeight part bearings 41 are secured, is provided on the upper disc. In these bearings are supported guide'bars 48, 48' which at the upper end are connected with the ring 49. The blast head carrier 50, the upper end of which is connected by a rubber hose to the airsupplypipe 5| and the lower end of which is equipped with a blast pipe52 which turns in 'the blast head carrier 50, slides on the guide bars 48, 48'. A short length of rubber hose 53' connects the blast pipe 52 with the glass tube at the lower end of the glass tube during the heating is effected by the clamping chuck a! d the blast pipe is carriedalong by the glass tube duringrotation.

The blast head carrier is connected to a cord 56 which passes over aiower pulley 55 and an upper pulley 55'. At the lower end, the-lower pulley 55 has a stub shaft 56 covered with rubmeans or the rack bar bevel gears 43, 43', the As shown in Figures This motion is efpoint is desirable.

mold. the mold, the glass a device such as shown in Figure 1.

7 2,101,213 M which can beraised and lowered on two par working period the glass tube is fed a definite length.

The air pipe 5! is co valve plate SBdistributin air which passes through equipped with a control valve, and over the lower valve plate 60. In addition, the instant of blowing in air is determined by this arrangement.

The mode of operation of the machine for manufacturing ampoules with nected with an upper to all blast heads the the supply pipe 59,

After the mold has been closed, the air valve of the blast device is opened and the stem blown out until it is. applied against the wall of the In accordance with the configuration of tube may be kept rotating during blowing or else rotation may be interrupted by meansmf the clutch provided for this point at which the purpose. A mark for the ampoule is subsequently to be opened is included in the mold, and is molded simultaneously for instance in the form of a widened or constricted portion.

A point of separation intended for the opening may however be eifected after the blowing e. g.

by pressing in a. small depression by means of It is advantageous, after the heating which preferably precedes the pressing operation, to blow air from the outside against the depressed portion simultaneously with the molding of the depression or directly thereafter, because in this way the surface of the glass is hardened at this point which favours the ready breaking-off of the stem without splintering.-

In the working position f the upper end of the stem is separated from the glass tube and theglass tube is simultaneously closed in that a burner heats the glass at the point of separation and the lower chucks move downwardly. While the complete ampoule inthe' lower chuck slides into a collecting container, 3. hemi-spherical mold is brought to bear against the closed end of the tube in the working position g and the base is blown out by blowing in air which is supplied in thesam'e' manner as in position e.

If glass vessels with flat bottoms are to be produced then the blowing in of air is omitted and the base is merely refused.

Obviously the round bottom may be produced without the use of a mold.

archers glass tube is advanced by a corresponding length consist merely of a length of the feed stroke whereby a smooth slidj 'ers about their common aglass tubes comprising in combination,

and the working process recommences.

On the advance of the glasstube :the base mold, which in the case of a fiat bottom may flat plate, descends by .the

ing forward of the glass tube -is attained, on which bears the weight of .the blast device connect'ed with the upper end of the tube.

Obviously two points of a tube may be heated and molded simultaneously and the stem produced may be fused ofl in the middle instead of at the end.

The glass body may be cut off in the molding position and the cut end sealed during the blowing-in or air, Y

The tube may also be closed at the upper end and air blown in from the lower open end.

While the mode of operation of the present machine has been shown primarily .inits application to glass vessels in which a portion of the tube'isconstricted, it may'of ,course, also be used for shaping glass vessels of larger diameter cross'se'ctional area of than the original tube.

Equally one, end of the tube onlymay be. previously constricted for introduction into ,the

mold and solely this constricted section blown out in a mo1d, ,e. g. if the separation of the am-'- poule body occurs beneath the lower clamping chuck-instead of beneath the upper clamping chuck as shown in Figure 6 f.

Iwish it to be understood that I do not desire" to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the-art.

What I claim is:-

, 1. A machine for producing glass vessels from glass'tubes axially superposed tube holders arranged in a -circle, means for rotating said holders about comprising in combination, pairs of their axes, means for moving'said pairs of holdcentre, concentrically distributed means for, heating the glass tubes between the holders of each pair, means for forming spaced constrictions in' each tube between the holders'and means for blowing out and for molding each tube between the constrictions thereof.

' 2 A machine for producing glass vessels from pairs of axially superposed tube holders arranged in a "the heated part. of a circle, means for rotating said holders about their -axes, means for moving about their common centre, concentrically dissaid pairs of holders tributed means for heating the glass. tubes between the holders of each pair and .means for constricting, for blowing out and for molding tube bet'vveei'i the holders.

3. A machinefor producing glass vessels from. glass tubes comprising in combination, pairs of axially superposed tube holders arranged in a circle, means for rotating said .holders about said pairs or holders about their common centre, concentrically distributed means for heating the glass tubes between the holders of each pair, means for blowing out and for molding the heated part of a tube between the holders, a blowing head; in line with a pair of from glass tubes, means for holding a glass tube, I

thetube between -formingfa pair of constrictions in the tube besaid constrictions bei posed axially aligned hold the length of glass tubing, means for heaters, a blower head holders, means" for varying the vertical position ofsaid blower head and auducing the cross sectional area of the glass tube between the said constrictions.

'5.In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes, a pair of axially aligned holding devices .for a, glass tube, means for heating the holding devices, means for tween the holding devices, ing spaced apart longitudinally of the tube, and means for moving said holding devices relative to each other to reduce the cross sectional area of the tube between the constrictions.

6. In a machine from glass tubes, means. for intermediate its for engagement with the heated portion of the tube to form a pair of constrictions. in the tube, said constrictions being spaced apart longitudirnally of the tube, and means for reducing the the tube between the said heating a glass tube constrictions. I v I 7. In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes, a pair ofaxially aligned holding devices for a glass tube, means for heating the glass tube between the holding devices, a pair of constricting levers, means for moving said constricting levers into engagement with the heated portion 'of the glass tube to form a pair of constrictions in the tube, said constrictions being spaced apart longitudinally of the glass tube, and means for relatively moving said holding devices away from eac other to reduce the cross sectional area of the glass tube between the said ,constrictions.

8. In a machine for producing glass vessels from a length of glass tubing, a pair of holders adapted to hold the length of glass tubing, means providing for movement of the glass tubing through one of said holders, a blow head adapted for engagement with the free open end of the length of glass tubing, means providing for movement of the blow head with the length of glass tubing upon movement of the latter through one of the holders, and means for braking the movement of the blow 'head.

9. In a machine for'producing glass vessels from a length of glass tubing, a pair of axially aligned superposedtube holders adapted to hold a length of glass tubing, means for heating the glass tubing between blowing out and for shaping the heated part of the tube between the holders, a line with the holders, means for varying the vertical position of the blowing head, and means for braking the vertical movement of the blowing head.-

10. In a machine ior producing glass vessels from a length of glass tubing, a pair-of supertube holders adapted to ing the length, of glass tubing between the holdthe length of glass tubing for supplying an under pressure to the interior of the glass tubing to shape the heated portion thereof, means providing for movement of the length Oi lass tubing through the upperot thetube holders, means providing for vertical movement of the blower head upon movement of the length of glass tubends, a pair of tools adaptedthe said holders, means for engageable with one end off for producing glass vessels blowing head in v 'duced in cross sectional 12. In a machine for producing glass vessels a pair of holders adapted to from glass tubes, hold a glass tube, means for heating the glass tube between the holders, means provgilng for movement of the holders away from eac other to reduce the cross sectional area of the heated portion of the tube, a mold adapted to enclose the heated constricted portion oi the glass tube, and means for supplying a gas under pressure to the interior of the glass tube to blow the heated constricted portion thereof into engagement with the mold. 4

13. In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes, a pair of holders adapted to hold a glass tube, means for heating the glass tube between the holders, a pair of tools adapted to be moved into engagement with the heated portion of the glass tube to form a pair of constrictions therein, the constrictions being spaced apart longitudinally of the glass tube, means for reducing the cross sectional area of the glass tube between the constrictions, a mold adapted to enclose the portion of the glass tube which is rearea, and means for admitting a gas under pressure to the interior of the glass tube to blow the reduced portion thereof into engagement with the mold.

14. In a machine from a length of glass tubing, a pair of holders adapted to hold the length of glass tubing, means for heating the length of glass tubing between the holders, means for shaping the heated portion of the length of glass tubing, means'for severing the shaped portion of the length of glass tubing from the remainder of the length of glass tubing and for sealing the end of the length of glass tubing, a mold movable into engagement with the sealed end of the length of glass tubing, and means for shaping the sealed end of the length of glass tubing in the said mold.

15. In a machine for producing glass vessels from the remainder for producing glass vessels I 2,101,213 ing, and friction means for braking the downfrom a length of glass tubing, a pair of holders adapted to hold the length of glass tubing, means for heating the length of glass tubing between the holders, means for blowing out and shaping the heated portion of the length of glass tubing between the holders, means for heating the length of glass tubing between the shaped portion thereof and the remainder of the length of glass tubing to sever the shaped portion of the glass tubing thereof and to seal the end of the length of glass tubing, with the sealed end of the length of glass tubing, and means for admitting air under pressure to the interior of the length of glass tubing to blow the sealed end thereof into engagement with the said mold.

16. In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes, means for holding a glass tube, means for heatingthe glass tube intermediate its ends, and means for constricting, for blowing out and for molding the heated part of the tube.

a mold engageable 17. In a machine for producing glass vessels Y definite path, means for heating the glass tube intermediate its ends, a pair of tools mounted for movement toward and away from the glass tube at one point in its path of movement, said tools being adapted to form spaced apart constrictions in the glass tube, and means for moving said tools into operative engagement with the glass tube when the glass tube reaches a. position adjacent the said tools.

, 19. In a machine for producing glass vessels from glass tubes, means for holding a glass tube, means for moving said holding means along a definite path, a blow head adapted for engagement with the free open end of the glass tube at one point in the path of movement of the glass tube, and means controlled by the movement of the holding means for controlling the engagement-of the blow head with .the length of glass 

